DIRECTOR’S
MESSAGE
Once again, the Library experienced a relatively quiet year. Although we struggled with the effects of continuing increases in the cost of informational materials, we managed to stay even in all areas and expand just slightly in the size of our collection. We still operated at minimal levels of staffing, primarily Circulation, the Microcomputer/Media Desk, and Interlibrary Services. Growing demand for Information Desk assistance also began to put pressure on our existing level of staffing and highlighted, again, the absence of such assistance in the evenings and weekends.
All of these elements had been present in 1995 indicating that it was time to analyze our current operating position and seek supplemental funding in order to close the gap between where we were and where we envisioned the Library at the turn of the century. To this end, we had prepared an analysis of our existing position and our needs and presented it to Dean Michels in December 1995, prior to the development of the FY 1997 budget assumptions. Unfortunately, Dean Michels resigned his position in Spring of 1996, and no action was taken on our supplemental request in anticipation of the appointment of a new Dean. Consequently, we were in a steady-state situation for this year.
The most difficult consequence of these events was a substantial budget shortfall that would have required closing our Microcomputer/Media Desk and laying off its staff. Fortunately, the Library was able to realize some savings and, along with an agreement by the College Administration to carry over some unspent endowment income, we were able to continue this service. All of this illustrates how close to the margin we continue to operate each year. A long-term solution to these chronic problems needs to be obtained.
On a totally different note, this year the Library Director was appointed to the Graduate Faculty of the Clinical Epidemiology and Health Services Research program and offered a course in Information Literacy in this program. This was the first opportunity the Library had to offer a course within the curriculum of any program and we accepted eagerly. Two members of the Library faculty, helen-ann brown and Patricia Tomasulo, worked with the Director to design the course and did most of the instruction. The course was so successful that we were asked to repeat it. We plan to use this experience to help us develop a more extensive education program in this area and seek other collaborative opportunities.
The year also saw increased activity in the area of cooperation with other libraries. Our primary external group continues to be our 4-Corners consortium and we continued our regular planning for expansion of electronic resources. Some new resources were acquired as a result of our joint efforts, and we established priorities for the next electronic resources we would acquire as funds permitted. The 4-Corners activity continues to pay dividends in the form of the extended resources we are able to offer our patrons.
A second area of cooperation that is developing is with our sister libraries on the Ithaca campus of Cornell. With the appointment of a new Librarian at Cornell as of August 1996, we have increased this activity. Planning began when the new Librarian, Sarah Thomas, visited us in July 1996, just before assuming her position. We had a lengthy discussion of areas of joint interest and made plans for pursuing them after she had settled in. This initial visit was followed by a second meeting in Ithaca. Additional areas of cooperation were discussed at that meeting with several members of the senior management of the Ithaca campus libraries. While our early efforts have been directed at operational issues, such as more rapid delivery of materials, we have had preliminary discussions of new cooperative projects such as purchasing of electronic resources. We expect a significant increase in this activity in the next year.
A third area of cooperation involves The Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library of Columbia University. With the proposed merger of the New York Hospital and Presbyterian Hospital, the issue of providing information services to these two hospitals in their new incarnation as a single entity needed to be addressed. The relationship of the two libraries to their two major affiliated hospitals was somewhat different and yet we knew that the combined new entity would not care about those historical differences. The Assistant Vice-President and Associate Dean of Scholarly Resources, Pat Molholt, and I began meeting regularly, both to study the issue and to develop plans for addressing it. While no concrete cooperative activities have been developed so far, we have a fair understanding of the issues and are planning to discuss them with the new entity as soon as its administrative infrastructure is in place.
The Library faculty had another active year participating in local, regional, and national professional activities. Robert M. Braude, helen-ann brown, Mark Funk, Mira Myhre, Jacqueline Picciano, Carolyn Reid, and Jeanne Strausman were active in a variety of professional association activities this year either as officers or serving on committees or task forces. Robert M. Braude was awarded the Ida and George Eliot Prize by the Medical Library Association at its Annual Meeting in May. This prize recognizes a paper published in the previous year that has made a significant contribution to the profession of health sciences librarianship. He also presented an invited paper at that meeting in a session on, Library Administration: Preparing for the Challenge. He presented a paper on library architecture at the national meeting of the Association of College and Research Libraries and continued on the Editorial Board of JAMIA. helen-ann brown held several positions in the New York/New Jersey Chapter of the Medical Library Association including Chair-elect, served as Manager of the Poster Session for the MLA Annual Meeting, and was a member of the MLA 1997 National Program Committee. She also participated in the development and teaching of an eight-week course with Dr. Braude and Patricia Tomasulo on Information Literacy for fellows in the Clinical Epidemiology/Health Services Research program. Mark Funk continued his service as Chairman of the Board of Directors, Documentation Abstracts, Inc., as a member of the Library Board of Advisors, Doody’s Health Sciences Book Review Journal, and as a member of the JAMA Journal Review Panel. In this capacity he published Difede J, Funk ME: Journal of Health Psychology (journal review). JAMA. 1997 Jun 4; 277 (21): 1734-5. He continued his service as a member of the MLA Centennial Coordinating Committee, and as Chair, MLA 1999 National Program Committee. Mark also authored: "Monograph Acquisitions." In: Morse DH, ed. Acquisitions in Health Sciences Libraries. Current Practice in Health Sciences Librarianship, vol. 5. Lanham, MD: Medical Library Association and Scarecrow Press, 1996: 51-103. Mira Myhre continued to serve as Chair of the Membership Committee for the MLA Technical Services Section. Jacqueline Picciano served on the Patient Education Advisory Committee, New York Hospital; served as Chair of NAHRS (Nursing and Allied Health Section, MLA) during its 35th Anniversary Year, 1996-97 (Chair-Elect and Program Chair, 1995-96, and Past-Chair and Nominating Committee Chair, 1997-98); served as member of the NAHRS Anniversary/MLA Centennial Committee of NAHRS, preparing NAHRS poster for MLA’s Centennial Celebration. She represented the MLA on the Interagency Council for Information Resources for Nursing(ICIRN); was chair of the Bylaws Committee of ICIRN; contributed to Essential Nursing Resources, published biennially by the Council; and contributed to the ICIRN-authored book, Guide for the Development and Management of Nursing Libraries and Information Resources, published in 1997 by the National League for Nursing. And she served on the MLA Centennial Committee of the New York/New Jersey Chapter of the MLA, working to prepare the Chapter’s poster for MLA’s Centennial Celebration in May, 1998. Carolyn Reid was an invited speaker at the 849th Meeting of The New York Psychoanalytic Society presenting: "The Application of Modern Information Technologies to Psychoanalytic Problems: Scenario of a Possible Future (Scenario 2002)". She revised her MLA CE course and presented it at the Annual Meeting and she assumed the Chair of the Friends of LIS. Jeanne Strausman served as a juror for the Medical Library Association Grants and Scholarship Committee reviewing applications for the MLA Scholarship and the MLA CE Grant. Patricia Tomasulo served as one of our representatives on the Evidence-Based Medicine Librarian Working Group and attended the ACP workshops on Evidence-Based Medicine. She taught two specialized Internet training sessions for Perinatology fellows and for members of the Cornell General Clinical Research Center and participated in the development and teaching of an eight-week course with Dr. Braude and helen-ann brown on Information Literacy for fellows in the Clinical Epidemiology/Health Services Research program.
The activities of each program area follow, as reported by the Heads. Although this was a relatively quiet year, there continued to be a substantial amount of activity and expansion of services as indicated by both the reports and the statistics. The entire Library Staff deserves credit for continuing this forward movement of the Library towards its goal of excellence in the delivery of information services. They continue to make a maximum effort and that effort and their dedication is greatly appreciated and hereby acknowledged.
Robert M. Braude, M.L.S., Ph.D.
Frances and John Loeb Librarian
ADMINISTRATION
Human Resources. There was a great deal of activity in the area of staffing during the year. Jeanne Strausman was on leave from July through January and Diane Richardson was hired from a temporary service to replace her for part of the time. There were many changes in Circulation Services staffing which are reported with other information on that program area. Collection Development and Cataloging had changes as well. Overall staffing is at a minimal level to accomplish all our goals and provide services to users. Optimum staffing would include additional personnel in Interlibrary Services and Information Services. Changes in Cataloging staffing may also be necessary as plans develop for the Tri-Institutional Library Management System (see below).
Finances. As part of the budget process, the Library prepared supplemental requests for funding for staffing of the Microcomputer/Media Desk, additional serials subscriptions, and acquisition of electronic information materials. The capital budget request included computer upgrades, replacement of damaged and stained furnishings, and facilities repairs and improvements. Neither budget request had been approved at the close of the year.
Facilities. Carolyn Reid continued to attend the weekly job meetings until the completion of the Weill Education Center, located directly above the Library. The work was completed and the Center opened without incident. The effect of 24-hour availability of computers and study space in the Weill Education Center on use of the Library will be monitored during the next two years for possible changes in staffing and facilities.
Library support of the new curriculum was very obvious in the creation of the Curriculum Resource Center in the Library to provide easy access to materials needed as part of the new course structure and the problem-based learning activities. Assignment of library faculty to coordinate information needs of faculty and students also provided much needed support for curriculum changes.
Library Computer Services offices were moved to within the Library to facilitate communications and access for the staff. This also provided the College with much needed space for expansion of other departments. The College provided full financial support for the move which was completed in March. Camille Campbell and Octavio Morales, through close coordination of all aspects, smoothed the way for accomplishment of the many tasks involved.
Planning. Carolyn Reid continued regular consultation visits to Georgetown University Medical Center as work on the development of LIS II (the new Library Information System) moved toward completion. A total of eight visits provided programmers there with input on design of the new programming. Unfortunately, in May, Georgetown decided to discontinue LIS and LIS II development completely, which provided Cornell with the opportunity to review other alternatives. Fortunately, Rockefeller University Library had just completed an extensive review of integrated library management systems and was in the final stages of their decision process. The excellent advantages of a shared library information management system among the three institutions (Cornell, Rockefeller, and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center) lead to discussions of creation of the Tri-Institutional Library Management System which will continue next year. The hope is that all three institutions will be able to arrive at an agreement to share a computer installation, using the same system, to provide a single on-line catalog of resources to our users. This integrated system will continue the extensive collaborations among the institutions to enhance and enlarge the information resource base for users at all locations.
All regular statistical reports were completed and submitted in a timely fashion along with several special surveys and questionnaires. A demonstration of the Maven system, under consideration by New York Hospital to provide clinical information systems to hospital staff, was presented in the library for review and discussion. Following the demonstration, Carolyn Reid assisted Maven developers with additional advice on the MEDLINE interface to the software. Carolyn Reid and Camille Campbell attended CUMC Administrative Forum meetings throughout the year to maintain close communication with all other areas of CUMC, and Carolyn Reid attended General Faculty Council Meetings twice at the request of Dr. Braude.
Carolyn Anne Reid
Librarian and Associate Director
COLLECTION
DEVELOPMENT
Electronic Subscriptions/Purchases. This year, the emphasis in Collection Development was on new ways to do things. This was prominently displayed in our purchase of new electronic materials. In conjunction with the 4-Corners Libraries — a cooperative effort of Cornell Medical, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), Rockefeller University, and Hospital for Special Surgery Libraries — several new subscriptions to electronic indexes, such as Current Contents and PsycLIT®, were started. Other electronic purchases included the Journal of Biological Chemistry via the World Wide Web, and Current Protocols in Protein Science on CD-ROM.
Support of the New CUMC Curriculum. The program area was also involved in the move towards the new Medical College curriculum. We moved the new journals and leisure collection to a new space, in order to set up the Curriculum Resource Center (CRC), the new specially-allocated space for the PBL case and course materials. In addition, we purchased several electronic resources for the PBL classes. Joining the previously purchased electronic version of Harrison’s were Goodman & Gilman, Netter’s Interactive Atlas of Anatomy, and Clinical Pharmacology Online. These selections were coordinated with Suzanne Stensaas, Ph.D., Director, Office of Courseware Development.
Continuing Development of The Medical Library’s Web Pages. The head of the program area was involved in selecting links for the Library’s web pages of electronic resources, and also participated in the design and continuing refinement of the pages. For the first time, the annual list of journal subscriptions was produced electronically using Adobe Acrobat. This resource was placed on our web site, and eliminated the printing of several hundred paper copies.
Journal Subscriptions. In the traditional print area, we were fortunate this year in having lower-than-expected journal price increases. This allowed us to purchase 32 new journal titles. Twenty of these titles had been heavily requested by faculty, and their purchase will greatly assist in CUMC research and clinical care.
Journal Holdings. More work was done in cleaning up the serials database in LIS. All of the previous Payne-Whitney Library journal holdings were deleted from their module. This eliminated the confusion of finding duplicates in search results when searching all network libraries.
Staffing and Other Activities. The department was fully staffed when Inga Jigalo, who also works in Cataloging, became the acquisitions assistant.
Mark Funk
Head, Collection Development
CATALOGING
Activities. In addition to our regular work of cataloging and classifying acquired material for Cornell Medical Library, we have successfully started to provide full cataloging services to MSK and continue to catalog for the Westchester Division. We also continued to reclassify the electronic collection and assigned call numbers to printed materials in the collection to better facilitate retrieval. Lastly, we have started to provide information in our OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog) to enable locating and retrieving electronic resources when available.
Staffing and Other Activities. Inga Jigalo, previously a full-time Cataloging employee, successfully worked half time in both the Cataloging and Collection Development Program Areas this year.
Mira Myhre
Head, Cataloging
CIRCULATION
SERVICES
Support of the New CUMC Curriculum. The PBL curriculum has taken up much of our time and effort this year. The responsibility for providing PBL materials to students is divided between the Circulation Services and Information Services Program Areas. Coordinating the work between the two program areas, as well as maintaining the space set aside specifically for this material in the Library, have been a challenge.
Staffing. Staffing issues continued to have a major impact on the Circulation Services Program Area this year. Several excellent employees left for new positions elsewhere, resulting in staffing changes and rearrangements on all shifts. Yonghong Yang left the weekend staff in September, as her husband, a fellow here at CUMC, was offered a position in California. The position was filled by David Kupfer, who had been working with us as a temporary staff member for several months. In December, Jonathan Lim resigned as day shelver to pursue a position at the MSK Library; Troy Phillips, the evening shelver, transferred to this position. We then hired Yingjie Li, who had also been working on our temporary staff, as the evening shelver. In January 1997, Marcus St. Rose resigned his position with us in favor of a position in the Weill Education Center. Danita Norville-Defreitas, who had been working on the evening shift for the past four years, asked to transfer to the day shift to fill the position left vacant by Marcus St. Rose. The evening staff position was filled by Sherisse Brown, a former Circulation Services employee. Mary LaRocco, from our temporary staff, was hired to permanently fill the position at the Media Desk in January 1997, only to resign three months later; we were then able to rehire Jonathan Lim as Media Desk assistant.
At the present time, we have a solid staff on all shifts, and have opened the Library on time every day this past year. We have completed shelf-reading the entire Library at least once and have suggested weeding projects for the Collection Development Program Area.
Use of the Library. Use of the Library is again difficult to document accurately. We continue to have difficulties with our recording methods. The "gate statistics" problem was resolved earlier in the year, but the mechanism is again nonfunctional. Also, due to the manner in which PBL articles and books were housed and circulated this year, we have no reliable statistical evidence of the tremendous use of these materials, as they were all placed in an "open-shelf reserve" environment. Estimates, however, put our statistics within parameters previously established. The Circulation Program Area continues to provide staffing back-up and support for the annual Library Survey, all Art Shows, and Match Day.
Affiliations and The Health Professionals Access (HPA) Program. We now offer full Library privileges to all employees of the 13 institutions which are members of the New York Hospital Care Network. HPA institution membership remains at five: Innovir Laboratories, LS Inc., and three law firms. Current individual membership includes 26 licensed, health professionals, including 11 physicians.
Service and Improvements. At the present time, we have a solid day staff and have opened the Library on time every day this past year, including all snow days during the winter. We have reinstated shelf-reading as a regular task and have improved our service delivery of hold items by calling patrons as soon as a requested item is returned to the Circulation Desk.
Use of the Library. Use of the Library is difficult to document accurately this year, as major hardware replacements resulted in the suspension of our recording methods. Estimates put our statistics within parameters previously established. The Circulation Department continues to provide staffing back-up and support for the annual Library Use Survey, all Art Shows, and Match Day.
Hospital Affiliations and The Health Professionals Access Program. The International Center for the Disabled became a new affiliate and North Shore University ceased its affiliation with us on June 30. The Health Professionals Access Program (HPA) currently has five institutional members and 30 individuals. Changes in our eligibility requirements account for the reduction in the number of individual members.
Loretta Merlo
Head, Circulation Services
INTERLIBRARY
SERVICES
Procurement Activities. This year, the Interlibrary Services (ILS) Program Area procured 6,540 items for our patrons from other libraries -- an increase of 253 (4%) more items than in FY96 and 939 (17%) more items than in FY95.
Loans to Other Libraries and Staffing. The ILS department supplied 5,542 items to other libraries during the 1996-1997 year -- 2,033 (27%) less items than in FY96 and 1,216 (18%) less items than in FY95. This reduction in the number of requests processed is a direct result of not having adequate available staff to do the work. Due to a lack of funds, the Interlibrary Services Program Area was unable to use temporary employees to supplement the regular staff, as it had in the past years, in processing the total number of requests sent to us from other libraries.
Photocopy Service. A total of 7,331 pages, representing 1,093 articles, were copied and delivered to users as part of this regular service.
Stephen Bright
Head, Interlibrary Services
INFORMATION
SERVICES
Classes and Instruction. Information Services (I-Team) staff conducted 93 scheduled class sessions for 360 participants and taught 17 specially scheduled sessions for 70 participants. While some courses were consolidated, two additional advanced MEDLINE® searching classes were offered to our increasingly sophisticated database searchers.
Tours/Orientations. Seven, group tours of the Library were conducted for a total of 99 incoming Graduate Students, Dietetic Interns, Surgery Interns, Pharmacy Students, Summer Minority Students, Cytology Students, and Pastoral Care Students.
Reference Questions and Resources. Traffic at the Information Desk remained brisk; however, the total number of walk-in, telephone and electronic inquiries dropped slightly from 13,595 to 13,053. Students, staff, and faculty conduct searches on the six workstations (three Macintosh and three PCs) in the Electronic Reference Center (ERC). There are frequently lines to use these workstations. 4-Corners databases and Knowledge Finder® are both available for on-line searching. The 4-Corners databases offer access to full MEDLINE®, CINAHL™ , CANCERLIT, HealthSTAR, and Current Contents and are available on terminals throughout the Library, the College network, and on a link from the Library’s web site. Knowledge Finder® has full MEDLINE® and PsycLIT® and is available on the Macintosh computers in the Electronic Reference Area and in the Microcomputer Room.
Mediated and End-User Searches. We continue to encourage our patrons to do their own searches; thus, the number of mediated, fee-based searches continued to decline (from 357 mediated searches in FY96 to 313 mediated searches in FY97). The I-team did a great deal of individual coaching on Knowledge Finder® and OVID®.
Vital Signs. The Library’s menu-driven interface to programs and services continues to serve patrons well. Some functions are now web-based; eventually all functions will be web-based. Rx, the electronic suggestion box, continues to be full of comments about the Library and life in general.
Special Information Services. helen-ann brown continues to attend Tumor Board meetings and prepares case bibliographies using evidence-based medicine searching strategies. Patricia Tomasulo and helen-ann brown worked with the 4th-year students taking M101, the Ambulatory Care elective; activities involved one-on-one searching seminars researching a diagnostic question and finding quality articles for patient-care case studies. We received excellent evaluations for this service and were invited to continue in 1997/98.
In the spring, Patricia Tomasulo and helen-ann brown developed and taught a new, eight-week class with the Library Director, Robert Braude, on information skills for five fellows in the new Master’s Program in Clinical Epidemiology and Health Services Research. Jacqueline Picciano continued to communicate with Cornell University Library for news from Cornell, Ithaca which affects information resources that can be used by our staff and patrons. She also monitors the listserv and web pages of the Instructional/Reference Program Committee.
Jacqueline was a member of the Patient and Family Health Education Committee of the New York Hospital Nursing Department through December 1996. The Nursing Department’s Committee continues to meet separately, approves pamphlets, and continues to forward them to Jacqueline Picciano for cataloging and addition to the Library’s Patient Education File. Jacqueline was appointed to the Patient and Family Health Education Advisory Committee, which first met on February 21, 1997. The Committee is working on 1997 objectives which stress compliance with new JCAHCO regulations and investigation of resources for patient education, including on-line resources.
Support of the New CUMC Curriculum. The I-Team helped coordinate the planning and implementation of the Curriculum Resource Center. The Library also allocated I-Team faculty to work closely with the Education Center course coordinators and faculty. The Library faculty liaisons attended weekly case briefings and course-tutor orientation sessions and took requests for course readings and additional literature to support the courses. The I-Team and Circulation Services Program Areas worked closely together to have the readings available to students as soon as possible.
Match Day. The Library again hosted the annual Match Day ceremony.
Art Shows. The Sixth Medical Complex Art Show was held November 1996-January 1997. Laura Ferguson, a volunteer at MSK, won "Best of Show" for her mixed-media representation of an embracing couple. First runner-up was R. Leon Graff for his oil painting of life in Haiti. Honorable mentions went to: Mary Logerfo for her ceramic teapots; Stephen Scheidt, M.D., Amy Kossoy, and helen-ann brown for their photographs; Wendy Roine for her quilt; and Mary Ellen McDonnell for one of her oil paintings. In addition to the Medical Complex Art Show, exhibits by the Metropolitan Painters & Sculptors, Artist League of Brooklyn, and the Brooklyn Watercolor Society adorned the Library throughout the year.
helen-ann brown, Associate Librarian
Jacqueline Picciano, Librarian
Jeanne Strausman, Associate Librarian
Patricia A. Tomasulo, Associate Librarian
Information Services Team
COMPUTER
SERVICES
New Acquisitions. We acquired seven new Power Macs this year which enabled us to make improvements in the Microcomputer Room, as well as at the Information Desk. Improvements in computer power were also made in the Cataloging, Circulation Services, and Collection Development Program Areas.
Additionally this year, OVID® was integrated into the Library’s web page. A look-up table was created to assist patrons with the login ID and password requirement. Lastly, a faculty bibliographic search engine was added to the Library’s web page.
Octavio Morales
Head, Computer Services
HEBERDEN
SOCIETY
The Heberden Society scheduled two lectures during the academic year as part of the Dean’s Hour. Two interesting and enlightening speakers lectured to Cornell students, faculty, and staff (see Table I below). The Dean provided the Society with the funds for this year’s lecture series as he has in the past, and that assistance is acknowledged with thanks. The Heberden Society Advisory Committee is likewise acknowledged for its valuable support and advice.
TABLE I
HEBERDEN SOCIETY LECTURE SERIES
1996-1997
|
September 25, 1996
|
Gerald L. Geison, Ph.D. |
LIBRARY
COMMITTEE
The Library Committee, again this year, provided valuable assistance in the area of policy and the FY98 budget request. The contributions of the members are gratefully acknowledged.
The members of the Library Committee for 1996-1997 were:
|
Piyush Agarwal Jeanne Becker, M.L.S. Elizabeth Bolan Robert M. Braude, Ph.D. Antonio L. Davila William Frosch, M.D. Daniel Gardner, Ph.D. Antonio Gotto, M.D. Paul Kligfield, M.D., Chair Abigail Kristt, R.N., M.S. Patricia Mackey, M.L.S. Arvind Narayana Mark S. Pecker M.D. David Plache Lisa Staiano-Coico, Ph.D. Carolyn Anne Reid, M.A.L.S Suzanne Stensaas, Ph.D. |
Medical Student, 1st Year MSKCC Library, Ex Officio General Student Council Library, Ex Officio Medical Student, 3rd Year Clinical Sciences Basic Sciences Dean, Ex Officio Clinical Sciences Nursing Education Rockefeller University Library, Ex Officio Medical Student, 4th Year General Faculty Council Medical Student, 2nd Year Graduate School Medical Science Library, Ex Officio Pathology/Education Center |
Robert M. Braude, Ph.D.
Frances and John Loeb Librarian
Assistant Dean for Information Resources
APPENDIX I
CORNELL MEDICAL LIBRARY
STATISTICS
1996-1997
COLLECTIONS
Total Volumes
Total Subscriptions
ACCESS SERVICES
Number of Users (Entries)
Total Collection Use
• Items Circulated
• Items Used in Library
Loans to Other Libraries
Photocopies for Individuals
Items Borrowed from Other Libraries
INFORMATION SERVICES
Reference Questions
Computer-Assisted Searches
Tours
• Attendance
Classes
• Attendance
1994-95
164,357
1,584
479,796
255,528
67,284
188,244
6,758
7,636
5,601
8,944
430
22
212
36
173
ACADEMIC YEAR
1995-96
167,912
1,594
480,423
252,775
51,483
201,292
7,575
6,596
6,287
13,595
357
27
169
165
812
1997-98
171,518
1,559
426,993
270,373
49,893
220,480
5,542
7,331
6,540
13,053
313
7
99
110
430
Created February 10, 1998, by Camille Campbell, ccampbel@mail.med.cornell.edu.